人教新课标高中英语必修1unit2词汇学习

人教新课标高中英语必修1unit2词汇学习

Word Study

1.  include v.

a)  to have something or someone as part of something larger or more general   

The tour included a visit to the Science Museum.

b)  include sb./sth. (in /among sth.) ; make sb./sth. part of a larger group or set  

All students were included in the initial planning discussions.

 *including  prep. : used to show that someone or something is part of a larger group, amount, or process   

The band played many songs, including some of my favourites.

* included adj. [only after noun/pronoun]: including someone or something 

Everyone has to go to the dentist, you, included.

Everybody here has a bad cold, including myself.

We're all going to the game, Betty included\

2. modern adj.

a)    belonging to the present time or most recent time   Unemployment is one of the major problems of modern times.

b)   made or done using the most recent designs or methods I always prefer a modern hotel to a traditional one when travel.

c)  (of art, music, literature, etc) using styles that have been recently developed and
are very different from traditional styles) 

My younger brother shows his interest in modern dance.

3.  present
adj.

a)    (of a person ) being in a particular place

 Were you present when the news was announced?

b)   happening or existing now  

The new library will be double the size of the present one.

n.

a) thing given or received as a gift  

This hook was a present from my brother.

b) at present; at this time; now 

The film is set sometime between 1995 and the present.

v.   give or hand over sth. to sb.  

present  sb. with sth. / present sth. to sb.

The president presented a cheque for £500,000 to cancer research.

4.  identity n.

a) who or what sb./sth. is  

There is no clue to the identity of the thief since we can't find his identity card.

b)   [U. ]   exact likeness or sameness  

Our strong sense of national identity has been shaped by our history.

5. government n.  [U. ]

a)   the group of people who officially control a country   

The government are discussing the proposal.

b)   method or system of governing 

People should know the importance of good government in a developing country.

c)   governing, power to govern 

If we do not have strong government, there will be rioting.

  in government  

What would the opposition do if they were in government  (=governing the country)?

6. standard n.

a)   thing used as a test or measure for weights, lengths, quality, etc    

People were very poor before the 1980s, by today's standards.

b)    (often pl.) required, expected or accepted level of quality   

He is a man with a high moral standard.

adj.

a)   serving as, used as or conforming to a standard   

What is the standard size of a twin bed?

b)   average, normal or usual; not special or unusual  

It is the standard modal of a car.

7.  recognize v.

a)   recognize sb./sth. (by sth.) _: to know who someone is or what something is, because you have seen, heard, experienced, or learned about them in the past 

I recognize her by her red hat.

b)  to accept that something is true or real   

Smoking is recognized as a leading cause of lung cancer.

c)  to officially show respect lor someone for an achievement 

He was recognized by the governor for his work.

8. direction n.

a)   course taken by a moving person or thing; way that a person or thing looks or faces

Tom went off in one direction and Harry in another.

b)   way in which sb./sth. develops or is developed 

That is the present direction of government thinking.

c)  (often pl.) information or instructions about what to do, where to go, how to do sth. etc. 

I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.