国际音标教案

国际音标教案

 

关于教案的说明：

音标字体为KingSoft Phonetic Plain，请将压缩包中的字体文件拷贝到windows－font目录下，音标即可正常显示

 

出于打好英语语音基础的需要，希望在这节课后，同学们可以掌握好48个国际音标的发音

 

课上将进行大量的单词、词组和句子的模仿练习

 

通过多年的教学实践，我们深深地感到：要学好外语，一定要首先掌握好国际音标，这样才能通过语音关，我希望今天的教学能够为大家攻克语音关提供帮助

 

字母，音素，音标

英语每个词都有它的书写形式和语音形式，字母是它的书写符号，是组成词的最小单位，如：food由4个字母组成，要读出food这个词，有3个音素：f-u:-d, 把这3个音素放在方括号内就组成了音标，

 

英语共有48个国际音标

元音共20个，分为单元音和双元音

单元音12个：前：[i:]  [i]  [e]  [A]，后：[B:][C][C:][u:][u]，中：[E:][E][Q]

长元音：[i:]  [E:]  [C:]  [u:]  [B:] 

短元音：[i]   [E]   [C]   [u]  [e]  [A]  [Q]

双元音8个：[ai]  [ei]  [Ci]  [iE]  [ZE]  [uE]  [Eu]  [au]

 

辅音：28个

清辅音：[p]  [t]  [k]  [f]  [s]   [W]  [F]  [tF]  [tr]  [ts]  [h] 

浊辅音：[b]  [d]  [g]  [v]  [z]  [T]  [V]  [dV]  [dr]  [dz]

  [m]  [n]  [N]  [r]  [l]  [w]  [j]

 

前元音发音要领：[i:]  [i]  [e]  [A]

  舌尖抵下齿，唇形成扁平，舌前要抬起，牙床逐渐开

[i:]:    [hi:] [Fi:] [si:] [ti:] [i:t]

a green tree, read and speak, a piece of beef, meet the people, east of the sea,

We have our evening meal at seven fifteen.

Please clean the machine before you leave.

 

[i]:    [did] [it] [5i:zi] [5litl] [bi5gin]

six little babies, a busy Sunday, in the middle of the city, pick up the ticket,

He sits with his sister in the empty room.

Miss Gao is drinking milk with the twins by the window.

 

[e]:   [pen]  [dres]  [red]  [hed]  [sed]

ten men, Lesson Seven, get ready, many eggs

He fell and hit his leg against a desk.

Don5t forget to tell them to mend the bed.

 

[A]:   [mAp] [bAg] [lAnd] [5mAtE] [kAn]

a bad apple, that man, a happy family, look at the panda.

Ann is standing at the back of the class room.

Can you catch that black cat?

 

 

后元音：[B:][C][C:][u:][u]

[B:]:   [kla:s]  [5ba:skit]  [5fa:TE]  [ha:d]  [ka:]

ask and answer, a rich harvest, a dancing party, the path leading to the park

His father can5t be at home before half past five.

Our class went to the park last week.

 

[C]:    [stCp]  [klCk]   [bCks]  [wCnt]  [wCt]

pocket money, a hot dog, a strong man, a popular song

John got a job in a hospital.

He borrowed a lot of bottles from the office.

 

[C:]:   [tC:l]  [FC:t]  [sC:]  [spC:t]  [tC:k]

your daughter, four small doors, before the wall, more salt

We talked when we were walking along the river.

He was born on August the fourth in the north.

 

[u]:    [gud]   [put]   [kud]   [puF]  [kuk]

play football, a good cook, look at the woman, look like a book

The bottle is full of sugar.

He stood there and took out a book.

 

[u:]    [tu:]  [du:]  [ru:m]  [su:n]  [mu:n]

a blue ruler, cool the food, a new school, a loose tooth

Whose are these blue shoes?

Soon the moon moved behind the cloud.

 

中：[E:][E][Q]

[E:]:    [tE:n]   [wE:d]    [nE:s]  [pE:s]   [fE:m]

the first word, hut the bird, a dirty shirt, take a turn of work

The girl made her own shirt.

He often works in the Third World countries.

 

[E]:    [E'gou]   [5rivE]   [tE'5dei]  [5QndE]   [5tFainE]

a famous doctor, among the soldiers, a number of workers, different colors

Welcome to our company

Don5t forget to give the teacher the letter.

 

[Q]:    [lQv]   [5stQdi]   [mQnW]   [mQtF]   [5bQtEn]

some money, another cup, trucks and buses, come to supper with us

Don5t worry about my brother.

The monkey jumped down the tree and picked up the nuts.

 

双'元音8个：[ai]  [ei]  [Ci]  [iE]  [ZE]  [uE]  [Eu]  [au]

合口双元音：[ei]   [ai]  [Ci]   [Eu]  [au] 元音滑动，前长后短

[ei]：   [peidV]  [5peipE]  [5steiFEn]   [rein]   [stei]

make faces, today5s paper, my favourite game,  afraid of making a mistake

He has stayed away from work since May.

On April the eighth, I went to the railway station.

 

[Eu]:    [nEu]   [Eg'Eu]  [hEup]   [kEuld]   [rEud]

show me the photo, open the window, a broken boat, a slow old man

I know you wrote the letter.

He is throwing a stone into the snow.

 

[ai]:   [mai]   [baik]   [wait]   [taigE]   [fait]

ride a bike, fly a kite, shine brightly, climb high

The child cried the whole night.

The driver likes to drink wine.

 

[au]:   [aut]   [kaunt]   [klaud]   [haus]   [nau]

sit down, a brown box, a busy town, blouse and trousers

Let5s start out now.

I found some flowers around the house.

 

[Ci]:    [bCi]   [tCi]   [Cil]   [dVCin]   [nCiz]

the spoiled boy, the joyful boys, enjoy playing with a toy, the boy5s coins

The boy makes a loud noise.

His best choice is that toy.

 

集中双元音：[iE]  [ZE]  [uE]

[iE]:   [tiE]   [riEl]   [niE]   [fiE]

near and dear, hear clearly, a glass of bear, dear engineer

The deer is full of fear.

Here is the pioneer.

 

[ZE]:   [TZE]  [fZE]   [bZE]   [dZE]   [kZE]

wear long hair, glare at the bear, their chairman, repair the chair

Where are their pears?

His parents moved the chair with care.

 

[uE]:   [puE]   [FuE]   [tuE]   [in5FuE]   [5ju: VuEl]

make sure, an insurance company, as usual, a European city

I assure you he is not poor.

He made a tour in February.

 

绕口令练习：Peter Piper picked a pack of pickled peppers.

 

辅音：气流受到阻碍

辅音：28个

清辅音：[p]  [t]  [k]  [f]  [s]   [W]  [F]  [tF]  [tr]  [ts]  [h] 

浊辅音：[b]  [d]  [g]  [v]  [z]  [T]  [V]  [dV]  [dr]  [dz]

  [m]  [n]  [N]  [r]  [l]  [w]  [j]

爆破音、摩擦音、破擦音、鼻辅音、舌边音、半元音

 

爆破音：[p]  [t]  [k]

[b]  [d]  [g]

[p]:    [pAt]  [pig]  [peid]   [pul]    [pit] 

[b] :    [bAt]  [big]  [beid]   [bul]    [bit] 

a blue pen, a black bird, a pair of bright eyes, a waste paper basket

Bob put some potatoes in the plate.

Ben5s parents are busy preparing the breakfast.

[t]:   [ti:m]   [teik]   [tu:]   [taim]   [let]   [fi:t]

[d]:   [di:n]   [deit]  [du:]   [daim]   [led]   [fi:d]

eat the bread, touch the desk, teach the daughter, tell the doctor

She took her daughter to the doctor.

I picked up the wallet and handed it to the teacher.

 

[k]:   [bAk]   [pik]   [kein]   [kuk]   [kEut]  [dCk]

[g]:   [bAg]   [pig]   [gein]   [gud]   [gEut]  [dCg]

a big cat, a kind gardener, come to the gate, a basketball game

Don5t take the dog into the garden.

He gave the kite to the girl.

 

摩擦音[f]  [s]   [W]  [F]

[v]  [z]  [T]  [V]

[f]:  [li:f]   [fAt]   [fa:st]   [5fZEri]   [fain]   [fAn]

[v]:  [li:v]  [vAt]   [va:st]   [5vZEri]  [vain]   [vAn]

five knives, soft voice, the seventh floor, a famous village

The five slaves fought back bravely.

The fat boy carried a very heavy fish.

 

[W]:   [Wri:]   [WiNk]   [mQnW]   [breW]   [5WE:zdi]

[T]:   [Tei]   [TEuz]   [tE'geTE]   [bri:T]   [5fa:TE]

three brothers, this and that, Mr. Smith5s clothes, thrown them away

He went to the north with his father and mother.

Is this book thick or thin?

 

[s]:   [su:]   [vCis]   [sit]    [pa:s]    [ju:s]   [rais]

[z]:   [zu:]   [nCiz]   [zip]   [pC:z]    [nju:z]  [raiz]

bus drivers, rice and noodles, six roses, nice boys

Some girls are dancing under the trees.

Lucy lives in a big city in the south.

 

[F]:   [Feik]   [buF]     [FiE]       [Fift]      [5pQniF]

[V]:   [5pleVE]  [5viVEn]   [5mAVE]   [5gAra:V]   [5ju:VuEl]

a short skirt, wash the shoes, as usual, with pleasure

She measured the shirt against him and found it was too short.

We usually have a discussion before we come to a conclusion.

 

[h]:   [hi:]   [ha:d]   [hEum]   [hAv]   [hAv]   [hu:z]

a house behind the hill, hear from him, have a hair cut, hit him on the head

She has very heavy hair.

Time hangs heavy on his hands.

 

[r]:   [red]   [rait]   [ri:p]   [rQb]    [ru:l]

a reading room, the writer of a report, rough rice, run around the playground

The rich lady arrived with red roses in her hand.

Mrs. Read saw the writer on the road.

 

破擦音：[tF]  [tr]   [ts]

[dV]  [dr]  [dz]

[tF]:   [tFAt]   [tFCis]   [tFainE]   [ti:tF]   [spi:tF]

[dV]:  [dVi:p]   [la:dV]   [dVCb]    [dVu:n]  [eidV]

Chinese cabbage, great changes in China, choose the chick, a large bar of chocolate

George exchanges lessons with a Chinese teacher.

Jane reached the church on time.

 

[tr]:   [tri:]   [trai]   [tru:]   [trein]   [tred]

[dr]:  [dri:]   [drai]   [dru:]  [drein]   [dred]

a strange dream, a drunken driver, drive a truck, an interesting trip

The drum dropped from his trembling hands.

The stranger was dressed in blue.

 

[ts]:   [kEuts]   [FE:ts]   [5tikits]   [5baskits]   [ha:ts]

[dz]:   [wE:dz]   [bedz]   [frendz]   [kaindz]   [hAndz]

shirts and skirts, cats and elephants, lots of birds, many kinds of plates

The quilts are on the beds.

My parents have lots of friends.

 

鼻辅音：[m]  [n]  [N]

[m]：[mAn]   [neim]   [kQm]    [hEum]    [mAp]

Monday morning, mid-autumn, make mistakes, Modern American English

We met each other at the meeting in May.

The machine was made many years ago.

 

[n]:   [5nekst]   [nait]   [nC:W]   [nEuz]   [lain]

nine new fans, listen and learn, Number Seven, turn green

No pains, no gains.

I don5t know when I can finish the novel.

 

[N]:   [rANk]   [riN]   [WAnNk]   [lCN]   [striN]

a hungry donkey, one spring morning, singing and dancing, reading and writing

I think your uncle will be coming.

The singer sang an English song yesterday evening.

 

舌边音:[l]

[luk]   [lQv]   [leit]   [lain]   [5lisn]

the last lesson, a long life, look like a plate, a large lake

The little boy had a loaf of bread and some beef for his lunch.

I like those yellow and blue flowers.

 

[fC:l]  [sel]  [bC:l]  [5ApEl]   [5pi:pEl]

a small ball, cool noodles, twelve children, a middle school.

The hall is full of old pencil.

The girl took the pencil on the table.

 

半元音[w]

[weit]   [wC:k]   [wen]   [west]   [5wintE]

a warm welcome, white walls, when and where, wash and wear

He was waiting for the woman in the wind.

Wearing a sweater, his wife looked young.

 

[j]

[jes]   [ju:W]   [jQN]   [jE:]   [jet]

a new student, a yellow suit, a few courtyards, a beautiful young girl

Happy New Year to you!

The junior students are listening to the music.

 

绕口令练习:

       She sells seashells on the seashore.

 

音标教学补充说明：

 

1. 关于音节的概念

2. 重音 如：interesting

3. 连读与吞音

4. 单词变形后的发音：

       likes, socks, speaks, books, makes,

eats, carrots, hats, wants,

weekends, foods, reads,

stories, boys, bananas, apples, eggs, musicians,

dances, watches, brushes

4. 不定冠词a/ an的使用：

       a book, a chair, a language, a movie,

       an apple, an orange, an angry man, an article, an example

    注意：a unit, a university, a useful book

                an uncle, an unusual book, an ugly dog, an hour, an honest boy